Bothrops
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| Fer-de-Lance, (Bothrops atrox) | |
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| Genus: | Bothrops Wagler, 1824
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Bothrops adalah genus mura besar yang tersebar luas di Amerika Selatan dan Amerika Tengah, mulai dari Argentina bagian tengah dan timur lalu ke utara hingga Meksiko bagian selatan dan timur (semenanjung Yucatan), juga terdapat di pulau La de Quemada Grande di pantai timur Brazilia.[1] Jenis-jenis dari marga ini adalah ular-ular yang paling banyak menimbulkan kasus gigitan mematikan dibandingkan ular berbisa lain di benua Amerika.[2]
Deskripsi
Semua jenis ular ini bertubuh sedang dan besar. Tinggal di tanah (terestrial), misalnya Fer-de-Lance (Bothrops atrox). Namun satu jenis, yakni Mura tombak emas (Bothrops insularis) yang tinggal di pohon (arboreal). Mangsa mereka adalah mamalia berukuran kecil dan sedang, burung, kadal, dan katak. Di antara semua spesies, jenis-jenis yang paling ditakuti adalah Fer-de-Lance (Bothrops atrox), Terciopelo (Bothrops asper), dan Yarara (Bothrops jararaca).[3]
Spesies
Sejauh ini, diketahui terdapat lebih dari 30 spesies.
- Bothrops alcatraz (Marques, Martins & Sazima, 2002)
- Bothrops alternatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854)
- Bothrops ammodytoides (Leybold, 1873) - Beludak kutub selatan
- Bothrops asper (Garman, 1883) - Terciopelo
- Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758) - Fer-de-Lance
- Bothrops ayerbei Folleco-Fernández, 2010
- Bothrops barnetti Parker, 1938
- Bothrops bilineata (Wied, 1825)
- Bothrops brazili Amaral, 1923
- Bothrops caribbaeus (Garman, 1887)
- Bothrops chloromelas (Boulenger, 1912)
- Bothrops cotiara (Gomes, 1913)
- Bothrops diporus (Cope, 1862)
- Bothrops erythromelas (Amaral, 1923)
- Bothrops fonsecai (Hoge & Belluomini, 1959)
- Bothrops insularis (Amaral, 1921) - Mura tombak emas
- Bothrops itapetiningae (Boulenger, 1907)
- Bothrops jararaca (Wied, 1824) - Yarara
- Bothrops jararacussu Lacerda, 1884
- Bothrops jonathani (Harvey, 1994)
- Bothrops lanceolatus (Bonnaterre, 1790) - Mura tombak Martinique
- Bothrops leucurus Wagler, 1824
- Bothrops lojanus Parker, 1930
- Bothrops lutzi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1915)
- Bothrops marajoensis Hoge, 1966
- Bothrops marmoratus Da Silva & Rodrigues, 2008
- Bothrops matogrossensis (Amaral, 1925)
- Bothrops medusa (Sternfeld, 1920)
- Bothrops moojeni Hoge, 1966
- Bothrops muriciensis Ferrarezzi & Freire, 2001
- Bothrops neuwiedi (Wagler, 1824)
- Bothrops oligolepis (Werner, 1901)
- Bothrops osbornei Freire-Lascano, 1991
- Bothrops otavioi Barbo, Grazziotin, Sazima, Martins & Sawaya, 2012
- Bothrops pauloensis (Amaral, 1925)
- Bothrops pictus (Tschudi, 1845)
- Bothrops pirajai Amaral, 1923
- Bothrops pubescens (Cope, 1870)
- Bothrops pulchra (Peters, 1862)
- Bothrops punctatus (Garcia, 1896)
- Bothrops rhombeatus (Garcia, 1896)
- Bothrops sanctaecrucis Hoge, 1966
- Bothrops taeniata Wagler, 1824
- Bothrops venezuelensis Sandner-Montilla, 1952
Sumber-sumber
Catatan kaki
- ^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ^ Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plates. ISBN 0-8014-4141-2.
- ^ U.S. Navy. 1991. Poisonous Snakes of the World. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp. ISBN 0-486-26629-X.
Informasi lainnya
- ITIS: Bothrops Wagler, 1824
- Bothrops sp. @ The Reptile Database
- ADW: Genus Bothrops
- Bothrops Diarsipkan 2009-07-10 di Wayback Machine. at Herpbreeder.com Diarsipkan 2010-03-29 di Wayback Machine.. Diakses 26 September 2006.
- List of Bothrops Complex by scientific name Diarsipkan 2006-11-11 di Wayback Machine. at Jadin Expeditions. Diakses 7 November 2006.
- Nomi Rettili Italiano - Inglese at serpenti.it. Diakses 7 November 2006.
- Graphic image of B. atrox bite Diarsipkan 2010-08-19 di Wayback Machine. @ Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp Diarsipkan 2010-08-19 di Wayback Machine.. Diakses 26 Juni 2007.
- Serpientes de Venezuela (Spanyol)
- Video of Bothrops jararacussu di YouTube. Diakses 6 Desember 2007.
- Video of Bothrops jararacussu di YouTube. Diakses 6 Desember 2007.
- Video of Bothrops moojeni di YouTube. Diakses 6 Desember 2007.
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