Michael A. Palmer (September 22, 2004). "The Navy: The Oceanic Period, 1890–1945". Naval Historical Center. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-01-08. Diakses tanggal September 29, 2010. (Copyright notice from Naval Historical Center website: "Used by permission of Charles Scribner's Sons, an imprint of Simon & Schuster Macmillan from Encyclopedia of the American Military, John E. Jessup, Editor in Chief. Vol. I, pp. 365-380. Copyright c 1994, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1633 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. [The views expressed in this history are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy or the U.S. government.]")